DNA injection could cure vitiligo

Last Updated on 6th May 2021 by Caroline Haye

A syringe injecting a globe to illustrate a DNA injection curing the world of vitiligo.
An injection could make the world of difference

What a shot in the arm that would be!

As things stand, there is no outright cure for the appearance-altering pigmentary disorder we call vitiligo. The best that any of us can hope to achieve is a reversal of pigment loss and long-term remission, if we are lucky. A cure would be an answer to prayer for so many people around the world. For countless generations of sufferers and their families, the idea of a reliable vitiligo treatment has been pie in the sky. Soon though, it could be a shot in the arm. It’s possible that sometime soon a DNA injection could cure vitiligo.

What if a series of simple injections (probably one shot several times a year) could make your white patches disappear and prevent them from returning? You might think that the very idea is too good to be true. But the fact is that a lot of progress has been made in the field of vitiligo research over the past few years. And various promising treatments are either being tested or awaiting clinical trials at this very moment.

It’s anyone’s guess which of the potential treatments currently under development is going to make it through the testing and licensing phases to reach patients first. But one of the front runners is a needle-less DNA injection currently under development by a company called Temprian Therapeutics.

Not a tanning drug

You should not confuse this with the so-called “tanning drug” afamelanotide (a.k.a Scenesse or Melanotan). That drug also holds some promise as a potential vitiligo treatment. But the authorities have not yet approved it for this use. Afamelanotide was originally developed to treat a completely different skin condition. A disorder called erythropoietic protoporphyria. This is a condition that results in an abnormally severe reaction to sunlight. And the drug helps to protect the sufferer by boosting melanin production.

The Temprian product, on the other hand, is a drug that targets vitiligo specifically. It achieves this by moderating the autoimmune response that leads to skin de-pigmentation. So the aim of this therapy is not to stimulate the pigment cells directly. It aims instead to prevent them from coming under constant attack from a faulty immune reaction. This approach will prevent skin from losing colour in the first place. But it should also allow existing vitiligo patches to re-pigment naturally without any autoimmune interference.

A modified protein

Research into the autoimmune aspect of vitiligo has been going on for a long time. Researchers have been investigating the link between HSPs (Heat Shock Proteins) and stress-induced vitiligo for more than a decade. This research stems from the discovery that HSP70i, a protein that results from stressed melanocytes, accelerates depigmentation in vitiligo. It does this by triggering a faulty immune response. This means that, for those of us with a genetic tendency to vitiligo, our T cells mistakenly identify our pigment cells as a threat. As a result, our immune system kills them off whenever certain stress factors trigger the production of these heat shock proteins. This explains why vitiligo often appears or spreads following stressful events: physical damage like cuts and abrasions, contact with harmful chemicals, especially phenols, and even psychological pressures and emotional trauma.

Understanding this process gave scientists the idea of using a genetically modified version of the same heat shock protein to reverse the damage. When injected into the skin, this re-engineered protein (named HSP70iQ435A) will actually suppress the release of killer T cells. (As opposed to triggering them, leaving the melanocytes free to produce healthy new pigment.)

No needles needed for this treatment

The prospect of being able to reverse and manage vitiligo with a series of injections is extremely attractive. Especially when you realise that these will be administered using needle-less technology. So they will presumably not cause any further trauma to the skin. (And they will not cause psychological stress to the squeamish needle-phobics among us either).

Of course, this modified heat shock protein therapy is not yet available. It still requires further funding to get it through clinical trials and gain approval for general use. But it is a very exciting prospect. And, for those of us who are keen to stay updated on vitiligo research and the latest developments in vitiligo therapy, it is definitely one to watch closely.

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